Objectives To evaluate the PSA in a large population of Brazilian men undergone to check up, and correlate the PSA cutoffs with prostate size and urinary symptoms. Materials and Methods This is a cross sectional study performed with men between 40 and 70 years undergone to check-up. All men were undergone to urological evaluation, digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen, and ultrasonography The exclusion criteria were men who used testosterone in the last six months, or who were using 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors. Results A total of 5015 men with an average age of 49.0 years completed the study. Most men were white and asymptomatic. The PSA in the three different aging groups were 0.9 ± 0.7ng/dL for men between 40 and 50; 1.2 ± 0.5ng/dL for men between 50 and 60; and 1.7 ± 1.5ng/dL for men greater than 60 years (p=0.001). A total of 192 men had PSA between 2.5 and 4ng/ml. From these men 130 were undergone to prostate biopsy. The predictive positive value of biopsy was 25% (32/130). In the same way, 100 patients had PSA >4ng/mL. From these men, 80 were undergone to prostate biopsy. In this group, the predictive positive value of biopsy was 40% (32/100). The Gleason score was 6 in 19 men (60%), 7 in 10 men (31%) and 8 in 3 men (9%). Conclusions The PSA level of Brazilian men undergone to check up was low. There was a positive correlation with aging, IPSS and prostate size.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Disfunção erétil está associada a doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo foi avaliar o risco cardiovascular através dos critérios de Framingham (FRS), da dosagem de proteína C-reativa e da presença de síndrome metabólica em homens com e sem disfunção erétil diagnosticados em um programa de saúde. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo tipo caso-controle foi realizado. Os pacientes foram selecionados de um programa de saúde do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2007. MÉTODOS: 222 homens foram retrospectivamente selecionados e divididos em dois grupos: homens com disfunção erétil (n = 111) e homens sem disfunção erétil (n = 111). Os pacientes foram estratificados de acordo com o Índice Internacional de Disfunção Erétil (International Index of Erectile Function, Erectile Function domain, IIEF-EF domain). A proteína C-reativa e o escore de Framingham foram analisados e os dois grupos foram comparados. RESULTADOS: O nível da proteína C foi significativamente maior entre homens com disfunção erétil (P = 0,04). Pacientes com disfunção erétil também tinham um escore de risco de Framingham alto (P = 0,0015). A proteína C e o escore de Framingham não se correlacionaram com o grau de gravidade da disfunção erétil. A presença de síndrome metabólica foi maior nos pacientes com disfunção erétil (P < 0,05). A gravidade da disfunção erétil esteve diretamente associada com a síndrome metabólica. CONCLUSÃO: Homens com disfunção erétil apresentaram maior risco cardiovascular de acordo com os critérios de Framingham e pela mensuração da proteína C-reativa. A disfunção erétil grave em homens parece ter correlação com a síndrome metabólica.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Erectile dysfunction has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim here was to evaluate cardiovascular risk through the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) criteria, C-reactive protein (CRP) assays and presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in men with and without erectile dysfunction diagnosed within a healthcare program. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. The patients were selected from a healthcare program at the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, between January and December 2007. METHODS: 222 men were retrospectively selected, and they were divided into two groups: men with erectile dysfunction (n = 111) and men without erectile dysfunction (n = 111). The patients were stratified according to the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain (IIEF-EF domain). CRP and FRS were analyzed and the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The CRP levels were significantly higher among men with erectile dysfunction (P = 0.04). Patients with erectile dysfunction also had high FRS (P = 0.0015). CRP and FRS did not correlate with the severity of erectile dysfunction. The presence of metabolic syndrome was greater among men with erectile dysfunction (P < 0.05). The severity of erectile dysfunction was directly associated with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Men with erectile dysfunction presented higher cardiovascular risk according to the FRS criteria and CRP measurements. Severe erectile dysfunction seemed to have a correlation with metabolic syndrome.

Objectives: Inguinal metastases are one of the major determinants of mortality in patients with penile cancer. In high risk patients, while prophylatic inguinal lymphadenectomy may offer survival advantages, it still carries a relatively high morbidity. We describe in this paper the first report of the Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL) in the clinical practice, a technique which aims at reducing the morbidity of the procedure without compromising the cancer control or reducing the template of the dissection. Methods: A 40-year old male with a pT2 penile cancer underwent prophylatic bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy 6 weeks after partial penectomy. We performed the VEIL technique at the right and a standard radical inguinal lymphadenectomy through an inguinal incision at the left (control). After developing a plane deep to Scarpa’s fascia, locating 3 ports and infusing gas at 5-10 mmHg, a retrograde dissection with the same limits as the standard open surgery was performed. Intraoperative data, patology, post operatory evolution and oncological follow-up is described for both sides. Results: Operative time was 130 min for the VEIL and 90 min for open surgery. Eight and 7 lymphnodes were retrieved at the VEIL side and open side, respectively, and none of then showed positivity at pathology. There were no complications in the limb which underwent the VEIL and there was skin necrosis in the side of the open surgery. After 25 months of follow up, no signs of disease progression were noted. Asked about how he felt about both surgeries, the patient chose the endoscopic approach. Conclusions: VEIL is feasible in clinical practice. New studies with a greater number of patients and long-term follow-up may confirm the oncological ef.cacy and possible lower morbidity of these new approach.

Objetivos: Las metástasis inguinales son uno de los factores pronósticos más importantes de mortalidad en pacientes con cáncer de pene. La linfadenectomía inguinal profiláctica puede mejorar la supervivencia en pacientes de alto riesgo, pero conlleva una morbilidad relativamente alta. En este artículo comunicamos por primera vez la linfadenectomía inguinal videoendoscópica en la práctica clínica; la técnica busca reducir la morbilidad del procedimiento sin comprometer el control oncológico ni reducir el área de resección. Métodos: Paciente de 40 años de edad con cáncer de pene estadio pT2 que se somete a linfadenectomía inguinal bilateral profiláctica seis semanas después de una penectomía parcial. Realizamos la técnica de VEIL en el lado derecho y linfadenectomía inguinal radical abierta estándar en el lado izquierdo (control). Después de desarrollar un plano en profundidad hasta la fascia de Escarpa, insertar tres trocares e infundir gas a 5-10 mm Hg, se realiza una disección retrógrada con los mismos límites que en el procedimiento abierto estándar. Se describen los datos intraoperatorios, anatomopatológicos, postoperatorios y de seguimiento oncológico en ambos lados. Resultados: El tiempo operatorio fue de 130 minutos para la VEIL y 90 minutos para la cirugía abierta. Se obtuvieron ocho y siete ganglios respectivamente, siendo todos negativos en el estudio anatomopatológico. No hubo complicaciones en el lado de la VEIL, en el lado abierto se produjo necrosis cutánea. Después de 25 meses de seguimiento no hay signos de progresión de la enfermedad. Preguntado el paciente sobre cómo se sentía con ambas cirugías eligió el abordaje endoscópico. Conclusiones: La linfadenectomía inguinal videoendoscópica es factible en la práctica clínica. Nuevos estudios con mayor número de pacientes y seguimiento a largo plazo pueden confirmar la eficacia y posible menor morbilidad de este nuevo abordaje.

OBJETIVOS: Não há consenso sobre o melhor acesso minimamente invasivo para a ablação cirúrgica das supra-renais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar prospectivamente os aspectos intra e pós-operatórios dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia laparoscópica da supra-renal por meio de dois diferentes acessos: transperitoneal e retroperitoneal. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 1994 e outubro de 2003, 40 pacientes (19 homens e 21 mullheres) com lesões adrenais, incluindo cinco casos de síndrome de Cushing, três de síndrome de Conn, dois neurogangliomas, sete feocromocitomas, 17 adenomas não funcionantes, um tumor virilizante e cinco casos de nódulo pós-tratamento de neoplasia primária não adrenal, foram submetidos a supra-renalectomia laparoscópica por dois cirurgiões. O protocolo foi prospectivo e a via de acesso videoendoscópica foi escolhida de acordo com a indicação do cirurgião. Vinte casos foram submetidos à cirurgia laparoscópica transperitoneal e outros 20 por acesso retroperitoneal. Comparamos o tempo cirúrgico, a perda sangüínea, o tempo para realimentação oral plena, o emprego de analgésicos, as complicações cirúrgicas, a taxa de conversão, o período de internação e o período de retorno às atividades habituais. RESULTADOS: Todos os procedimentos foram realizados com sucesso. O tempo cirúrgico médio e o período para realimentação oral médio foram respectivamente 3,6 horas e 24 horas no grupo transperitoneal e 2,5 horas e 12 horas no grupo retroperitoneal (p<0,05). Não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em relação a sangramento operatório, analgesia, período de internação e tempo para retorno às atividades habituais. No grupo de acesso transperitoneal, ocorreu um caso de hematoma retroperitoneal e outro que evoluiu com pancreatite pós-operatória. Nos pacientes operados pelo acesso retroperitoneal, houve um caso de hipercarbia intra-operatória, um caso de perfuração do peritôneo e um caso que evoluiu com pneumonia no pós-operatório. Em nenhum dos casos houve necessidade de conversão para cirurgia aberta. CONCLUSÃO: Não há diferenças relevantes entre os acessos transperitoneal e retroperitoneal para a abordagem laparoscópica das supra-renais. Nesta série não randomizada, o tempo cirúrgico e o período para realimentação foram menores no grupo retroperitoneal. A escolha do acesso endoscópico depende das peculiaridades de cada caso e da preferência do cirurgião.

OBJECTIVES: A prospective protocol was used to compare transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic access for treatment of adrenal lesions. METHODS: Forty patients (19 male and 21 female) were submitted to laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Patients were operated by two surgeons. Twenty cases for each type of access (transperitoneal and retroperitoneal) were selected for analysis. Operative time, blood loss, time to oral intake, dose of analgesic, surgical complications, conversions, hospital stay and return to normal activities were compared for both approaches. RESULTS: All procedures were successfully completed. Operative mean time and time to oral intake were 3.6 h and 24 h for the transperitoneal and 2.5 h and 12 h for the retroperitoneal approach (p<0.05). There were no differences in blood loss, analgesia, hospital stay and time for return to normal activities. Complications were observed in two patients in the transperitoneal approach (retroperitoneal bleeding and pancreatitis) and there were three events in the retroperitoneal approach (hipercarbia, peritoneal laceration and pneumonia). No conversions occurred in this cohort of patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and efficient treatment for an adrenal mass of up to 10 cm. There are no relevant differences between the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approach. Choice of the laparoscopic approach rests upon particular aspects of each case or upon the surgeon's preference.